Important questions of C programming
 1.  What is program? What are the different steps of program development? 2.  What is algorithm? What are its various characteristics? …
Eliza Begum
Classical (Traditional) Symmetric Key Ciphers
A symmetric cipher is one that uses the same key for encryption and decryption. Symmetric ciphers use symmetric algorithms to encrypt …
RSA Algorithm in Cryptography
RSA is the world’s most widely used public-key cryptography method for securing communication on the internet. Cryptography involves the process …
Digital Signature algorithm (DSA)
Digital signatures rely on a public-key cryptography architecture to verify a document’s authenticity and the sender’s identification. Several algorithms are …
Advanced Encryption Standard, or AES
AES is an acronym for Advanced Encryption Standards. It is a cryptography standard that is used to encrypt and decrypt data …
Block Cipher modes of Operation
 Symmetric encryption ciphers consist of two main categories: block ciphers and stream ciphers. Block and stream ciphers are two …
SHA-1 in Cryptography
SHA-1 or Secure Hash Algorithm 1 is a cryptographic hash function which takes an input and produces a 160-bit (20-byte) …
MD5 in Cryptography
MD5 hashing stands for Message Digest5, introduced by Ronald Rivest. MD5 was developed to replace MD4. It is commonly used to …
SHA in Cryptography
What is SHA? What is SHA used for? SHA stands for secure hashing algorithm. Security Hash Algorithm (SHA) was developed …
Digital Signature in Cryptography
In written or typed texts, handwritten signatures are frequently used in the physical world. They serve to bind the message’s …